If vomiting occurs, family members should immediately take the patient to the hospital to
take emergency measures, and visions to the pillow were lying, hot food and other proteins
forbidden foods.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding rescue principles: supportive therapy, transfusion, blood
transfusions, to prevent and correct the shock, the use of appropriate drugs to stop
bleeding. Rescue the most important process to blood transfusion, and coagulation factors
with rich fresh blood. Another important measure is to rescue the bleeding. Methods include
drugs to stop bleeding, mechanical hemostasis, endoscopic vascular embolization and surgery
to stop bleeding.
① drugs to stop bleeding: portal venous pressure lead to esophageal and gastric bleeding,
should seek to reduce portal venous pressure, may be oral or intravenous infusion of
propranolol pituitrin, vasopressin and somatostatin octapeptide. At the same time using
hemostatic agents, such as vitamin K, blood safety and network, 6 - amino acid, aromatic
acid and anti-fibrinolytic Chinese Baiji powder, Callicarpa grass.
② mechanical hemostasis: The main three-balloon catheter hemostasis. Such as the use of
these drugs still no hemostatic effect, but not immediate surgical treatment should
immediately use this method. If appropriate balloon placed bits can be achieved hemostasis.
Application, Weinang inflated to more than 200-400 ml of normal charge; esophageal
inflatable sac relatively small (80 ml), because of esophageal varices is caused by gastric
vein, to live as long as the oppressed gastric vein, bleeding on to stop. If you still can
not effectively stop bleeding, should continue to increase the amount of esophageal capsule
inflated. Gastric tube was also advocated saline injection 8 mg of norepinephrine added to
gastric contraction of blood vessels, and thus continue to hemorrhage after balloon
compression have an effect. To avoid compression mucosal injury, which should be placed
every 12-hour air pressure 1-2 hours. Hemostasis measures less than 3 days, 3 days later
still bleeding should consider taking other measures.
③ endoscopic hemostasis: The conservative medical treatment fails in patients using
endoscopic sclerotherapy to stop bleeding. Acute Bleeding rate of 95% hemostatic parts of
the blood vessels for embolization, such as the bleeding site difficult to determine, and
spraying of thrombin in endoscopic hemostasis.
④ surgical treatment: The treatment of the above methods is still a lot of bleeding or
recurrent bleeding, surgical treatment should be considered, methods are: gastric and
esophageal variceal ligation; cross-section of the fundus, the stomach again - anastomosis;
if the general condition of patients is still stability will be considered for the portal
vein or splenorenal shunt anastomosis.
